Introduction

Many of reagent compounds are the important major objectives of organic synthesis, one of heterocyclic compound's an imidazo (1,2-a) pyridine is an important of fused bicyclic 5-6 hetero-cycles including divers physicochemical properties [1]. It has great importance in the biological activity such as anti-tubercular [2] and antimicrobial [3] Mannich reaction compounds are the organic compounds contain from amino alkylation and a carbonyl functional group [4]. The primary or secondary amine as 4-amino aceto phenone or ammonia groups reacted with cyclic imidazo (1,2-a) pyridine. Studies have proven that Mannich base have biological activity such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-nociceptive, and analgesic [5].

Chalcone is the organic compound. It is an α, β-unsaturated ketone prepared under a base catalyzed via condensation Claisen–Schmidt, a variety of important biological compounds and various pharmacological effect such as antimalarial and anti-HIV [6]. Chalcone can be synthetically manipulated of heterocyclic compounds corresponding to pyrazole and oxo-pyrimidine [7]. Pyrazole is an organic compound with formula C₃H₃N₂H. It has five-membered ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms. The derivatives of pyrazole are used in medicine, for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic [8] Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic compound consists of six-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms in positions 2 and 3 inside the ring. Pyrimidine derivatives have a wide pharmaceutical significance in various drugs, for examples Thiamine, Talbutal, and Gemcitabine [9]. Pyrazole and pyrimidine were synthesized by reaction the hydrazine hydrate and urea with α, β unsaturated carbonyl under the suitable condition [10].

Aim of research

Synthesis of new derivatives of bicyclic fused rings with bridge head nitrogen of 3-substituted imidazo/pyridine by using different methodloyies.

2. Characterization of new compounds by using FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectra.
3. Evaluation of new compounds by antioxidant applications.

Materials and Methods

All chemical materials were supplied from corporations of Thomas baker, Merck, BDH, and Sigma-Aldrich. End of reaction of all compounds were checked on aluminum-coated TLC plates 60 F245 [E.MERCK] by using ethyl acetate and Petroleum ether and imagined under iodine vapor. Melting points were determined on an electro thermal melting point (Stuart Germany), and they were uncorrected. Infrared spectra resolves were done as a KBR disk in range of (400-4000 cm^-1). FT-IR Shimadzu was used to record at university of Bagdad /College of science. The proton ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectra operating at 400 MH_Z and 100 MH_Z, respectively in DMSO-d₆, measurements are performed at Collage Sharif University of Technology /Tehran/ Iran.

preparation of 2(4-bromo phenyl) imidazole [1,2-a] pyridine (1) [11]

2-amino pyridine (0.01 mol) was mixed with 4-phenyl phenacyl bromide (0.01 mol), and then it was dissolved in (15 mL) of abs. ethanol in the round bottom flask. Next, it was reflexed for 7 hours. After that, it was checked by TLC, purified, dried, and studied all the physical properties of the compound (1) represent with molecular formula: C₁₃H₉N₂Br, Color: Off white, Yield: 80% M.P: 265, Re-crystallization solvent: Absolut ethanol.

Preparation of Mannich base (2) [12]

0.3 mL of formaldehyde was mixed with 0.1 mL of conc. HCl, and then stirrer for 5 min, after that (0.01 m mol) of 4 amino aceto phenone was added and dissolved in absolute ethanol. Thereafter, it was flowed by refluxed for one hour. Next, (2.435 g, 0.01 mol) of the compound (1) was added and refluxed for 5 hours. The reaction was then checked by TLC, purified, dried, and the physical properties of the compound (2) was studied and represented with molecular formula: C₂₂H₁₈N₃OBr, Color: Yellow, Yield: 75%, M.P.: 200 °C, Re-crystallization solvent: Absolute ethanol.

Synthesis of chalcones derivative (3a-3e) [13]

1 mol of substitution benzaldehyde with 1 mol of Mannich reaction were added to 0.5 mL of 40% sodium hydroxide as dropped with stirrer, and then the volume was completed to 5 mL of solution sodium hydroxide and stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. That reaction completion was tested by TLC.

Compound 3a: Yellow solid, yield 75%, mp 250-252 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1):  3274, 3120, 3029, 2993, 2887, 1614, 1660, 1598, 1521, 1407, 1352, 1278, 954, 767.

Compound 3b: Off white, yield 70%, mp 280-282 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3253, 3103, 3093, 2989, 2833, 1658, 1596, 1616, 1413, 1359, 1282, 1178, 954, 767.

Compound 3c: Yellow, yield 65%, mp 290-292 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3438, 3280, 3182, 3029, 2879, 2839, 1658, 1616, 1596, 1413, 1338, 954, 767.

Compound 3d: Off white, yield 65%, mp 240-242 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3267, 3031, 3122, 2981, 2808, 1660, 1625, 1575, 1456, 1365, 925, 748.

Compound 3e: Off white, yield 65%, mp 240-242 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3481, 3263, 3147, 3029, 2938, 2866, 1652, 1614, 1564, 1407, 1352, 935, 767.

Synthesis of pyrazole derivatives (4a-4e) [14]

A mixture compound (3) derivatives (2.5 g, 10 mmol) and nucleophile reagents hydrazine hydrate (10 mmol) was added to 15 mL ethanol, and then a few drops of conc. HCl was added to mixture. After that, the reaction was reflexed for 6 hours, by TLC, the reaction was checked, and then filtered, purified, and dried.

Compound 4a: Yellow, yield 65%, mp 190-192 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3265, 3159, 3016, 2954, 2866, 1656, 1596, 1525, 1411, 1342, 1278, 952, 767.

Scheme 1: Synthesis steps of compounds 1-5

Compound 4b: Brown, yield 70%, decomposition >205 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3263, 3147, 3062, 2995, 2866, 1598, 1652, 1407, 1344, 1278, 1128, 952, 767.

Compound 4c: Yellow, yield 75%, mp 220-222 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3452, 3205, 3172, 3064, 2970, 2833, 1637, 1608, 1411, 1321, 929, 786.

Compound 4d: Yellow, yield 55%, mp 280-281 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3211, 3112, 3072, 2968, 2831, 1683, 1637, 1415, 1309, 950, 775.

Compound 4e: Brown, yield 60%, decomposition >270 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3461, 3382, 3305, 3078, 2977, 2827, 1643, 1608, 1411, 1321, 752.

Synthesis of Oxo pyrimidine derivatives (5a-5e) [14]

The equal amounts of chalcone derivatives and urea compound were put in the amount of ethanol and sodium hydroxide )4 g NaOH and 10 mL of ethanol), and then stirred for about 5 hours. Next, it was poured into the cold water. After that, the precipitate was washed and recrystallized by a suitable solvent.

Compound 5a: Yellow, yield 70%, decomposition >260 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 32547, 3116, 3066, 2983, 2839, 1691, 1620, 1604, 1533, 1492, 1350, 1278, 929, 717.

Compound 5b: Brown, yield 65%, mp 250-252 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3498, 3263, 3161, 3004, 2981, 2891, 1662, 1573, 1421, 1323, 1245, 1151, 941, 748.

Compound 5c: Orange, yield 55%, mp 200-202 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3319, 3163, 3211, 3004, 2906, 2839, 1660, 1625, 1575, 1535, 1456, 1365, 925, 748.

Compound 5d: White, yield 60%, mp 240-242 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3226, 3103, 3003, 2929, 2875, 1650, 1616, 1591, 1421, 1330, 921, 769.

Compound 5e: Orange, yield 65%, decomposition >220 °C, IR (KBr) (ν_max/ cm^-1): 3479, 3286, 3177, 3013, 2889, 2869, 1654, 1610, 1404, 1357, 921, 767.

Results and Discussion

All the reactions are explained in Scheme 1. In this work, the imidazo (1,2-a) pyridine compound (1) was obtained from the reaction of 2-amino pyridine with bromo phencyl bromide, subjected to diagnose by the FT-IR spectrum. The absorption band at 1612 cm^-1 belong to ν (C=N) in the imidazo pyridine ring, ν (C=C) aromatic at 1433 cm^-1, (C-H) aromatic at 3014-3080 cm^-1, ν (C-N) at 1353 cm^-1, and ν (C-Br) at 790 cm^-1. Mannich base compound (2) showed absorption band at 3176-3284 cm^-1 due to ν (N-H), ν (C-H) aromatic at 3045 cm^-1, absorption band at 2840-2977 cm^-1 belong to ν (C-H) aliphatic, absorption band at 1704 cm^-1 due to ν (C=O), absorption band at 1614 cm^-1 due to ν (C=N) in the imidazo pyridine ring, ν (C=C) aromatic ring at (1400) cm^-1, ν (C-N) at 1352 cm^-1, and ν (C-Br) at 730 cm^-1.

Chalcones derivatives (3a-3e) was prepared by Claisen Schmidt condensation using benzaldehyde and acetophenone under special states, the reaction was loss of a molecule water, the reaction involved keto-enol [15], as its mechanism is demonstrated in Scheme 2.

Scheme 2: Mechanism steps of chalcone compound

In ¹H-NMR, the results of 3a and 3d compounds were, respectively, as follow: a singlet signal appeared at δ 4.53 ppm due to CH₂, a singlet signal appeared at δ 4.81 ppm due to NH, doubled-doubled signal at δ 7.4-7.9 ppm due to CH=CH, multiplied signal due to aromatic ring at δ 8.01-8.52 ppm. While, 3d compound indicates a singlet signal due to two methyl group at δ 2.31 ppm, singlet signal due to CH₂ at δ 4.66 ppm, a singlet signal due to NH at δ 4.67 ppm, doubled-doubled signal at δ:(6.54-6.98) ppm due to CH=CH, and multiplied signal due to aromatic ring at 7.03-8.77 ppm.

¹³C-NMR spectral data of compound 3d was as follow: δ 26.42-36.47 ppm due to CH₃-N-CH₃, δ 40.65 ppm belong to CH₂NH, δ 109.39-116.29 ppm belong to CH=CH, C=C aromatic appeared multiplied single at δ 122.17- 151.22 ppm, at δ 152.64 ppm due to C=N in imidazo-pyrdine, at δ 190.38-195.83 ppm belong to carbonyl group.

¹H-NMR spectra to compound 4b was as follow: δ 2.27 ppm due to (OCH₃), signal singlet at δ 4.40 ppm due to CH₂, signal singlet at δ 4.47 ppm due to NH, CH₂, and CH in cyclic pyrazole appeared multiplied signal at δ 5.01-5.98 ppm, multiplied signal at δ 6.40-7.87 ppm due to aromatic ring, signal singlet at δ 8.30 ppm due to NH in pyrazole ring. As for the same compound diagnosed in ¹³CNMR, the results were as follow: CH₂NH appeared signal at δ 39.64 ppm, δ 58.74 ppm due to OCH₃, δ 113.61-131.93 ppm belong to C=C aromatic, C=N in imidazole (1,2-a) pyridine appeared signal at 148.58 ppm, and in pyrazol ring (C=N) group appeared signal at δ 158.58 ppm. Compound 4e was diagnosed by ¹H-NMR and it was signal singlet at δ 4.02 ppm due to CH₂, signal singlet at δ 4.04 ppm due to NH, CH₂, and CH in cyclic pyrazole appeared multiplied signal at δ 5.01-5.98 ppm, at 6.46-8.5 ppm multiplied signal belong to aromatic ring, signal singlet at δ 8.55 ppm due to NH in pyrazole ring, signal singlet at δ 8.70 ppm due to OH group. The chalcones were reacted with urea in HCl medium giving Oxo- pyrimidine. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, spectroscopy.

Compound 5a was characterized by ¹H-NMR, the results were as follow: single singlet at δ 4.52 ppm due to CH₂, single singlet at δ 4.53 ppm due to NH, at δ 5.45 ppm single singlet due to CH in cyclic pyrimidine, at δ 7.05-8.52 ppm multiplied signal due to aromatic ring, at δ 9.25 ppm single singlet due to OH, in cyclic pyrimidine NH appeared single singlet at δ 9.52 ppm. In compound 5e had diagnosed by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR. The results were as follow: single singlet at δ 4.27 ppm due to CH₂, single singlet at δ 4.66 ppm due to NH, single singlet at δ 5.31 ppm due to CH in pyrimidine ring, at 6.55-8.76 ppm multiplied signal due to aromatic ring, single singlet at δ 8.77 ppm due to OH, single singlet at δ 9.04 ppm due to NH in pyrimidine ring. While, in ¹³C-NMR to the same compound, the results were as follow: at 56.47 ppm belong to CH₂NH, multiplied signal due to carbon aromatic ring at 116.30-135.62 ppm, C=N group in pyrimidine ring, signal at 143.53 ppm, C=N group in imidazole ring gave signal at 145.22, and carbonyl group gave the singlet signal at 160.05 ppm.

Evaluation of the prepared derivatives as antioxidant [11]

In this work, the antioxidants were determined using DPPH radical scavenging activity and ascorbic acid as the positive standard. 0.5 mL of the compound extract was added to 1 ml of DPPH solution. At 517 nm, DPPH was measured versus a blank assay about 30 min. The antioxidant activity of some new synthesized compounds such as pyrazole (4a) and pyrimidine (5a) linking with imidazo (1,2-a) pyridine was evaluated by DPPH method (Table 1 and Figure 1). The results were showed the excellent antioxidant, equal or moderate activity than the standards ascorbic acid. Scheme 3 explained the reaction of DPPH radical with antioxidant [16].

Scheme 3: The reaction of DPPH radical with antioxidant (AH)

Conclusion

In this work, new fused ring as imidazo (1,2-a) pyridine was successfully synthesized, and also new derivatives as Schiff bases, pyrazol, and pyrmidine were prepared with characterization by FT-IR ,¹H-NMR, and ¹³CNMR. The work has been enhanced by studying the application of antioxidant for the new derivatives.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Authors' contributions

All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting, and revising of the paper and agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of this work.

Conflict of Interest

The author declared that they have no conflict of interest.

ORCID:

Doaa Hashim Al-Abboodi

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-2779

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

Doaa Hashim Al-Abboodi, Naeemah Jabber Al-lami. Antioxidant Activity of New Synthesized Pyrazole and 2-Oxo-3H-Pyrimidine Derivatives Containing Imidazo(1,2-a) Pyridine. J. Med. Chem. Sci., 2023, 6(5) 1156-1162

http://dx.doi.org/10.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.5.21    

URL: http://www.jmchemsci.com/article_159952.html