Sami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Perineural Invasion in Salivary Gland Carcinomas in Relation to Tumor Grade and Histological Subtypes1469148616087710.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.1ENAlyaa Kadhim MohammedDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-4577-4945Ban Al-DrobieDepartment of Maxillofacial and Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-9796-9322Bashar H. Abdullah3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0001-9983-1661Journal Article20220904<strong>Objectives:</strong> Perineural invasion (PNI) in salivary gland carcinomas is a worrying condition that permits tumor cells to travel into and along nerves. The aim of this study was to examine the significance of perineural invasion as measured by H&H, S100, and PGP9.5 and its association with tumor grade and histological subtypes of salivary gland carcinomas, as well as to investigate the role of NGF, NGFR, Galanin in invasion, and metastasis of salivary gland carcinomas.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A total of 50 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from the archives of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/College of Dentistry/University of Baghdad, Ghazi Al-Harerri Hospital-Medical City from 2000-2021 diagnosed as salivary gland carcinomas and examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for perineural invasion using S100, PGP9.5, NGF, NGFR, and Galanin in this process (Abcam).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> 39 (78%) cases of salivary gland carcinomas had perineural invasion. PGP9.5 and S100 recognized perineural invasion more accurately than H and E. Specificity of PGP9.5 higher than that of S100. There was an association between perineural invasion with tumor grade and histological subtypes. Invasion is highly associated with H&E, S100, PGP9.5, NGF, and GAL. There was a significant association between NGF, NGFR, and Galanin.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Perineural invasion is associated with tumor grade and histological subtypes and is a predictive factor for tumor development and metastasis. PGP9.5 immunostaining increased PNI detection when compared with H&E and S100. PGP9.5 might be used instead of S-100 to identify PNI or as part of an immunostaining panel for PNI detection. NGF, NGFR, and Galanin may induce tumor cell dispersion and migration, thereby boosting perineural invasion and aiding invasion and metastasis of salivary gland carcinomas.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_160877_5c00de6878f146775868c73b09385175.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Effect of CO2 Laser and Selected Nanoparticles on The Microhardness of Human Dental Enamel In vitro Study1487149716095010.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.2ENFarah Abdul_Razzak Mahmood Al_BazazLecturer. B.D. S, M.Sc, Ph.D. Dentistry Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0003-2185-3881Nada Jafer MH. RadhiB.D.S., M.Sc., Ph.D. Assist. Prof., Dentistry Department, Baghdad University, Collage of Dentistry, Head of Pedodontic and Preventive, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-8186-5553Kadhim A. HubeatirB.S.C., M.Sc., Ph.D., Assist. Prof., Laser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqMaha Waleed AlghazaliAssist. Lecturer, B.D.S, MS.c. Dentistry Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0003-3653-6096Journal Article20220805Lasers have been tested with positive findings for the suppression of incipient caries, and many theories have been offered for this phenomenon. Nevertheless, early caries lesion prevention and biomimetic treatment are still difficulties despite massive efforts to promote dental hygiene. Nanoparticles' exceptional qualities make them a promising biomaterial for a variety of medical and dental uses. There are a lot of exciting and promising uses for nanotechnology in the field of tissue repair and replacement, especially in dental mineralized tissues, thanks to the growing interest in this area. This research aimed to examine how certain nanoparticles and CO<sub>2</sub> laser radiation affected the microhardness of enamel. In order to conduct the microhardness test, 80 first premolars from the maxilla were randomly split into eight groups, one control group and seven study groups, each containing ten teeth. Each tooth’s buccal (cheeky) side was standardized to have a circular window placed there, measuring 6 mm in diameter. The exposure period was 5 seconds in continuous wave (CW) mode, and the laser power was calculated to be 0.85 W using a unique equation. The concentration of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles solution employed was 10%, whereas the concentration of the iron oxide nanoparticles solution was 12.5%. In this study, we evaluated the effects of certain agents on the microhardness of enamel before and after inducing a caries lesion by pH cycling techniques. Hardness variation was determined for each sample using a tailored equation. After demineralization, enamel microhardness values were found to be significantly lower across the board compared to healthy teeth’ microhardness values. This was the case across all groups. After treatment with certain agents, there was a marked increase in enamel microhardness values for all groups, with a statistically highly significant difference (p<0.001). The groups treated with laser followed by hydroxyl apatite nanoparticles (HANPs) and those treated with laser followed by iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) saw the greatest increases in their microhardness values. Treatment of teeth samples with laser followed by iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) induced the greatest change in enamel microhardness, while treatment of teeth samples with IONPs resulted in the lowest change in enamel microhardness compared to all of the other agents. As a potential preventative intervention against dental cavities, enamel treatment with CO<sub>2</sub> laser, hydroxyapatite, and iron oxide nanoparticles might be examined.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_160950_f7b82f18fe1356dd0042a8b42e8a834e.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Potential Role of Selenium to Ameliorate Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Rats1498150516095610.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.3ENRusul Nadheer AlbakaaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq0000-0003-3953-2648Fadhil A. RizijDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, IraqRafid M. Ali HassanDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, IraqJournal Article20220820<strong>Abstract: </strong>Selenium (SE) is well known for its immune boosting, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. Doxorubicin (DOXO), a commonly used chemotherapy drug, causes cardiac-damage by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Selenium (SE) is well known for its immune boosting, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. Doxorubicin (DOXO), a commonly used chemotherapy drug, causes cardiac-damage by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). SE has been shown to improve heart development dysregulation, CMY structural damage, antioxidant enzyme (GSH, and SOD) activity, and caspase-3 (CASP3) levels in the cardiac tissue. Furthermore, SE could reduce the inflammation marker, ICAM-1 activity, and cardiotoxicity marker levels in the serum, cTn-1 serum levels. Finally, SE may protect against cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the oxidative induced by doxorubicin.<br /><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study is to investigate if selenium has protective role against the cardiotoxicity induced by DOXO in laboratory rats<strong>.</strong><br /><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 32 male rats were used, and they were randomly divided into 4-groups (8 rats * in each group). The rats in the control group started drinking distilled water for the experiment period. Rats in the doxorubicin group (the induced group) were given 2.5 MG/KG three times per wek, continue for 2-weeks. The second group was treated with SE only had SE administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg, continue for 2-weeks.<br /><strong> Results: </strong>Doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity, as shown by a significant increase (~P < 0.001) in the<strong> </strong>levels of cTnI, ICAM-1, and caspase-3. At the same time, the levels of GSH and SOD when compared to the control group, were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in the cardiac tissues of rats in the doxorubicin treated group. Histological changes and lesions were also caused by the Doxo. The administration of selenium was found to reduce cardiotoxicity, this can be proved by significant-decreases (p* < 0.001) in cardiac-TnI, ICAM-1, casp-3 and significant-increases (~P < 0.001) in SOD and GSH when compared to the DOXO group; and significant improvements (~P < 0.001) in the score for cardiomyopathy histopathological lesions.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At the drugs-doses used in this study, selenium protected the hearts of rats from DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity. This is may related to the interfered and may ameloirate oxidative stress, inflammation, and the apoptotic pathway.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_160956_558a2cab86b74ab14e7f6f0a7af48750.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Effect of Different Concentrations of Molybdenum on Dental Enamel Microhardness, An In Vitro Study1506151616098110.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.4ENRaad Salih Al-AniDentistry Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0003-3593-747XMustafa Jalal Abdul-Hadi AlsaifiDentistry Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0003-1045-3516Hiba KareemDentistry Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, IraqAli AlsaffarDentistry Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220921<strong>Introduction</strong>: Molybdenum is an essential trace element with several biological functions and therapeutic uses, and reported to have a cariostatic effect and is suggested as one of the agents that could be used as an alternative to fluoride as one the effective ways of preventing dental caries.<br /><strong>Aim</strong>: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of molybdenum compounds on the microhardness of dental enamel.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: This in vitro experimental study was performed on 50 extracted sound premolar teeth. These teeth were extracted for an orthodontic cause. Enamel blocks were divided randomly into five groups. Micro-hardness of tooth enamel was measured by the Vickers microhardness test before and after the use of different concentrations of molybdenum solutions. ANOVA and a Dunnett t-test (2-sided) were used under P < 0.05.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The comparison of means change in microhardness before and after the use of molybdenum compound showed an increase in microhardness number for all concentrations of molybdenum solutions with a significant difference when compared to the control group (p<0.000), and that between sodium fluoride and sodium molybdate with highly significant difference between the initial and final measurements (P<0.000). The difference in sodium molybdate was higher in the concentration 0.2% than in 0.05% concentration.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Results indicated that the molybdenum compound significantly increased the microhardness of dental enamel rendering it to be more resistant to acid attack, and its effect will approximate that of fluoride that could use in the prevention of dental caries.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_160981_041959f44ef51db7464b7ec76d8c0420.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Development of a Bilayer Mutual Tablet of Candesartan and Pioglitazone for Diabetic-Hypertensive Patients1517153616158410.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.5ENKola HephzibahSRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-603203, India0000-0001-5226-4268Sangeetha ShanmugasundaramSRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-603203, India0000-0001-5226-4268Journal Article20220918<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes and hypertension are related illnesses that often coexist. Angiotensin receptor blockers like candesartan are typically used to treat Hypertension. A thiazolidinedione-type diabetes drug, pioglitazone helps those with type 2 diabetes manage their elevated blood sugar levels. The absence of a combination dose form on the market today may have industrial implications. Regulatory bodies advocate the use of a Quality by Design (QbD) methodology during the product development process to ensure product quality.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> The current study strives to develop an oral bilayer matrix tablet of candesartan Cilexetil and pioglitazone increasing patient compliance and decreasing the frequency of doses for treating hypertensive cardiovascular damage.<br /><strong>Method:</strong> Poloxamer 407 was utilized as a polymer for immediate release. HPMC K4M and EUDRAGIT RS 100 for sustained release. Both layer blends were evaluated for precompression parameters. Using a 3<sup>2</sup>-factorial design, the influence of the variables like disintegration time and time required for 100% drug release on Candesartan Cilexetil are measured.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results show that HPMC forms a synergistic gel; controlling Pioglitazone medication release for 20 hours. Batch F6 with 40 mg Eudragit produces a film around drug, limiting its release rate to 24 hours. Candesartan Cilexetil immediate release layer demonstrated 100% drug release at 15 minutes.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Quality by Design (QbD) approach offers an effective, efficient framework to incorporate Candesartan Cilexetil and Pioglitazone in a fixed dose bilayer tablet as this combo is beneficial for individuals who suffer from hypertension and type 2 diabetes.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161584_489abf601d7c9501839b8a2ca6199b7b.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Synthesis, Characterization and Study Biological Activity of Some 1,2,4-Triazin Heterocyclic Derivatives1537154716100510.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.6ENSafaa Thamer AhmedDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Iraq0000-0001-8098-0085Shireen R. RasoolDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Iraq0000-0001-8098-0085Journal Article20220905A series of some new heterocyclic compounds containing triazin derivatives have been synthesized in many steps sequence. Triazine derivatives were prepared through reacting benzil with semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide to form 5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-2(3<em>H</em>)one,5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-2(3<em>H</em>)thione, respectively. A hydroxymethylation reaction has been made to the amide group. The hydroxyl group was replaced by azide group. A different substituted triazine rings have been formed using different reagents. The structures of the newly prepared derivatives were identified through more than one technique like (FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR) for all derivatives.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161005_bf451db9fc2cd9ed039ba84c189f4ef1.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Cancer in Maysan: Mortality, Pattern, and Demographic Characteristics during the Last 4 Decades1548155416100710.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.7ENSadiq Musa Ahmed1FICMS(ENT), Misan Medical College, Misan University, Department of Surgery, Maysan, Iraq0000-0002-9271-1728Hmood Madhi Hasan2FICMS(CM), Misan Medical College, Misan University, Department of Family and Community Medicine Maysan, IraqJournal Article20220816Cancer is considered as one of the serious diseases recognized by the abnormal cells division which can be invading normal cells and tissues. People can be affected by cancer at any age; the risk of cancer is increased with the age. Carcinogenesis agents may be physical or chemical. The cancer treatment and curable is depended on the cancer type, location, and stage. The study aimed to estimated cancer mortality rate and trend in Maysan, Iraq during 1985- 2020. A cross-sectional study reviewed the death from cancer registry in Maysan city during (1985- 2015), regarding characteristics, mortality rate, and pattern. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS Software, version 20.0. The data are presented in figures and table. The study found most of registered death was increased with time. Lung cancer was the most common cause of death as 17% followed by urinary bladder cancer as 16%, and breast cancer as 9%. The high prevalence of death was 45% in 2015, followed by 25% in 2005, 18% in 1995 and 12% in 1985. Most of death was significantly higher in males and occurred in the urban areas (p<0.0002). Likewise, the study revealed that most of death reported in the age range of 15-60 years old (p<0.04). This study showed that there was an increase in death incidence by cancer for all types of cancer from 1985 to 2015. It was concluded that cancer mortality rate or trend was increasing with time.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161007_bdda5f7959307bcd15cde1c107643444.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720221123Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Study of New Halogenated Azo-Schiff Base Ligands and Their Complexes1555157616106010.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.8ENDhekra J. HashimTechnical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, IraqSaad M. MahdiChemistry Dep., College of Science, University of Babylon, Babil, IraqJournal Article20220805Three of new azo-Schiff base ligands were prepared in this work via the preparation of Schiff base ((<em>E</em>)-2-(((2,5-dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol DCSS) produced from the condensation reaction between salicyaldehyde and (2,5-dichloroaniline), this Schiff base was regarded as a coupling component in azo reactions to form the new azo-Schiff ligands [(2-((<em>E</em>)-((2,5-dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)-4-((<em>E</em>)-(2,4-difluorophenyl)diazenyl)phenol) L1, (4-((<em>E</em>)-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-((<em>E</em>)-((2,5-dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol) L2, and (4-((<em>E</em>)-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-((<em>E</em>)-((2,5-dichlorophenyl) imino)methyl) phenol) L3], respectively, via the reaction of the diazonium salts of the (2,5-difluoroaniline, 4-chloro-2-fluoroaniline and 4-bromo-2-fluoroaniline) with the previous Schiff base (DCSS). These new Azo-Schiff ligands were characterized with many spectroscopic techniques such as (FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, Mass spectra, UV-Visible, and elementary analysis) to ensure their preparation. Five divalent transition ions (Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, and Pt) complexes were prepared for each ligand and characterized (some of them) with the previous techniques, the mole ratio of the cobalt and copper complexes was (1:2), while the rest (Ni, Pd, and Pt) complexes have a (1:1) ratios. In addition, complementary techniques, such as atomic absorption, molar electrical conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility were performed to deduce their geometries and form the collected data. The square planer geometry was examined. The biological study includes the antibacterial screening against two types of bacterial species gram-negative (<em>E.coli</em>) and gram-positive (<em>S. aureus</em>) using tetracycline as a reference antibiotic. Antioxidant assay of some of the prepared ligands and their complexes as well as an MC7 cell line breast cancer assay for two prepared complexes (PdL1 and PtL2) and as compared, they noticed that the platinum azo-Schiff complex has an IC50 = 56.78 a more active anticancer function than the palladium complex with IC50 = 74.64.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161060_62c2c1e323a468689bb3edd45cfe33a4.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701The Role of Neuregulin 4 Status in Female’s Primary Infertility Patients1577158116107610.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.9ENMustafa Saleam KhalafMedical Laboratory Techniques Department, AL–Rasheed University College, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-0114-5987Zeena A. AlsaadyDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-4961-4949Journal Article20220917<strong>Background:</strong> Female’s primary infertility (FPI) is females who have not pregnant after one year of sexual intercourse without using methods of birth control. Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) is the inflammatory adipokine hormone produced by brown adipose tissues; it has activator function for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR).<br /><strong>Objective of the Study:</strong> To know the NRG4 role and function in FPI patients. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present research study was relied on selecting 80 females classified into 40 with Females having primary infertility and 40 fertile females. All female individuals were in the age range of 20-35 years old. For all female individuals measured NRG4 concentration level in serum sample and body mass index (BMI). <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The present research study showed increased of the serum NRG4 level and BMI in FPI group compared with fertile females group. Statistic value of NRG4 for FPI group was 422.3+18.7 and for control group 240.1+17.8, while the statistic value of BMI for FPI group was 30.9 + 1.7 and for control group 22.2 + 2.5.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The present study explained the NRG4 role that has function as mechanism of compensate in FPI patients with high BMI.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161076_05e13424516512c9285868520d49f300.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720221127Impact of RAGE Gene rs80096349(C>T), rs1035798(C>T), and rs184003(G>T) Polymorphisms on Non-Response to Aspirin in Iraqi Patients with Coronary Artery Disease1582159716159410.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.10ENFaleh A KhudhairAl-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Wasit Health Directorate, ministry of Health, Iraq0000-0002-3050-5443jShatha H AliDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqKhalil A Al-ZubeidiAl-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Wasit Health Directorate, ministry of Health, IraqJournal Article20220928<strong>Background:</strong> Transmembrane multiligand receptor RAGE is a protein found on the surface of cells that binds to the advanced glycation end products. Platelet cyclooxygenase activity is elevated in response to RAGE activation, contributing to the formation of a thrombus.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: To examine the connection between RAGE gene rs80096349(C>T), rs1035798(C>T), and rs184003(G>T) polymorphisms and resistance to aspirin in CAD patients from Iraq.<br /><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (161 males and 64 females) were enrolled in the trial between February 2021 and October 2021. All participants were taking prophylactic Aspirin (100 mg). The control group consisted of 130 individuals, including 97 males and 33 females, who appeared to be in good health and were not taking aspirin. Serum thromboxane B2 levels were used to assess the effectiveness of aspirin (TBX2). Patients were classified as either aspirin sensitive or resistant. The polymorphism of RAGE's most closely related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was identified using polymerase chain reaction for amplification of the extracted deoxyribonucleic acid and Sanger's method of sequencing.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 225 cardiovascular patients compatible with inclusion criteria were enrolled. There were 161(71.6%) male and 64(28.4%) female patients with a mean age of 56.85±8.11years old. The statistical analysis revealed 17.8% (n = 40) aspirin-resistant cases in the study population. Genotypic analysis of our data showed that participants with the T allele of rs184003(G/T) had an increased prevalence in the aspirin-resistant group compared with the aspirin-sensitive group (p<0.05). In contrast, for rs10835798, the frequency was dramatically higher for T alleles in aspirin sensitive group contrasted with the resistant group (p<0.05). The aspirin-resistant group was found to have significantly greater RAGE levels than the sensitive group.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results provide evidence that RAGE expression and gene rs1035798(C>T), and rs184003(G>T) polymorphisms could be predictors for CAD patients' resistance to aspirin.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161594_b4b94b079eec4d33610b05f0ced8d9bb.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Qsar and Docking Studies of New Triazolopiperazine Derivatives as Potent Hypoglycemic Candidates1598161316167810.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.11ENSwarna Bharathi KalliSRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-603203, India0000-0002-3418-8086Velmurugan VadivelSRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-603203, India0000-0001-5316-6854Journal Article20220911Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition is a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of DPP-4 limits the breakdown of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), hence increasing functional GLP-1 levels. This boosts the secretion of insulin and decreases glucagon release, resulting in a reduction in blood sugar levels. In an effort to discover the chemical and structural prerequisite for DPP-4 inhibition, computational investigations involving Quantitative Structural–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies were performed on 63 compounds with pIC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 7.0 to 9.744. With a good R<sup>2</sup> (0.716) and cross-validated correlation coefficient value Q<sup>2</sup> <sub>LOO</sub> (0.6120), a model was created that quantitatively describes the relationship. The regression approach systematically gives that the topological state of an atom, the presence of CF<sub>3</sub> at the second position of the triazole ring (knotpv), the polarizabilities (RDF15p), the atomic masses (MATS3M), the heteroatom, and the valence distribution had a significant effect on DPP-4 inhibition (Chiv4pc). In addition, docking results revealed favorable contacts between triazolopiperazine analogues and catalytically significant amino acid residues, including HIS740, SER630, ASN710, and GLU205. Comparing the interactions of the most active compound 4 to those of the standard Sitagliptin reveals comparable binding energies. The study demonstrates that substituting CF<sub>3 </sub>at the second position of the triazole nucleus and incorporating polarity-altering groups are advantageous for inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161678_d8cbe61675a0847c48c93920fc82b468.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701The Effect of Addition Radish Oil on Some Mechanical Properties1614162016170410.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.12ENSadeq Aadi Rahi Al-HusseiniDepartment of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-2242-0984Wasmaa Sadik MahmoodDepartment of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq0000-0001-8362-1619Journal Article20220923The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of radish oil on the transverse strength and surface roughness of polymethyl methacrylate. In this study, a total of sixty (60) samples have been made. 20 specimens of heat-cured acrylic resin were created with no additives (control), and 40 samples were created with additives in different concentrations (2.5% wt and 5% wt) to test the surface roughness and the transverse strength. In the surface roughness test, a non-significant difference was found between the control and addition groups, but a high significant difference was observed in the transverse strength. When oils were added, the surface roughness decreased and the transverse strength increased. When radish oils were added to acrylic resin, the surface roughness decreased and the transverse strength increased.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161704_9f194951c87dd0cd82358c3cdaa4749e.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Synthesis and Characterization with Antimicrobial Studies of mixed Curcumin Schiff Base –L-dopa with Divalent Cations Complexes1621163016179710.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.13ENHala Mohammed SalhDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn -Al-Haithem, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqTaghreed H Al-NoorDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn -Al-Haithem, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-6761-7131Journal Article20220702In the present article, mixed ligand metal (II) complexes have been synthesized with Schiff base (1E, 5Z, 6E)-1,7 bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl) imino) hepta-1,6-dien-3-one derived from Curcumin and 3-aminophenol as primary ligand and L-dopa as a secondary ligand. The Schiff base act as bidentate and arrange to the metals through the azomethine (C=N) nitrogen and (C=O) oxygen atom. The mode of bonding of the Schiff base has been affirmed on the infrared by the UV-Visible, <sup>1</sup>H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The magnetic susceptibility and the UV-Vis data of the complexes propose octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. The information appears that the complexes have the structure of [L-M-(L-dopa)] system, where M=Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II). The low conductance of all complexes supports the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The biological activity of the complexes was screened against bacteria, (<em>Klebsiella</em> and <em>P.</em> <em>Staphylococuse</em> and gives a good results anti-fungus<em> C. Albicans)</em>. All complexes possess the biological activity which has the same activities, and good antimicrobial activity that displays higher activities against fungus compared with bacteria.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161797_352391e9e5b62e9bebc91ff493bb5d05.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701The Placebo and Laughter Therapy Efficacy on Pain Perception, Sleep Quality, and Post-traumatic Growth in Recovering Drug Abusers1631164516192010.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.14ENSeyed Amir OmraniPsychologist-Technical Assistant, Empowerment and Protection Center for Recovered of the Hamrahan Aftab, Welfare organization of Sari city, Sari, Iran0000-0001-6853-9035Journal Article20220913This research was designed to study the efficacy of placebo and laughter therapy on pain perception, sleep quality, and post-traumatic growth in recovering drug abusers. Thus, among 1050 patients who had been referred to the Empowerment and Protection Center for Recovered of the Hamrahan Aftab of Sari City in Iran during the last 5 years (2016-2021) 60 recovered were randomly selected. This study was conducted with a quantitative structure in the form of an experimental design with pre-test-post-test and control in three experimental and control groups. Thus, 4 independent groups were selected by simple random assignment and each of them was exposed to placebo, laughter therapy, combination therapy, and neutral approaches (control group), respectively. Findings were presented in two descriptive and analytical sections: the descriptive section addressed the status of each variable in the statistical sample and in the analytical section, the relationship between the independent variables with each of the three dependent variables of the research, including pain perception, sleep quality, and post-traumatic growth, was measured. The statistical tests included univariate regression (to measure the simple relationship between independent and dependent variables) and T-test (comparing the effectiveness of variables). Findings demonstrated that each of the studied factors, placebo and laughter therapy, had an effect on all dependent variables of pain perception, sleep quality, and post-traumatic growth so that both of these factors (independently) reduce pain perception, increase sleep quality, and increase growth after injury. However, the T-test demonstrated that in all groups the effect of laughter therapy was higher than placebo (that is, laughter therapy has been able to reduce pain perception and increase sleep quality and post-injury growth in drug abuse recoveries more than placebo), which can pave the way for drug addiction treatment, life recovery afterward, and complete recovery: Laughter therapy is formed easier than placebo, has lower costs, and higher efficiency. Conclusively, findings were similar in the follow-up period (quarterly).https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_161920_2f8b02185016331e110ce8e5f00a565a.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701The Effect of Silica Particles Derived from Rice Husk on Some Mechanical Properties of a High Impact Heat Cure Acrylic Resin1646165916206310.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.15ENAzza Walaaldeen KhairiDepartment of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0001-6351-6424Ghassan Abdul-Hamid NajiDepartment of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab-Almoadham, P.O. Box 1417, Baghdad, IraqDean of College of Dentistry, The Iraqia University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220905<strong>Background:</strong> Despite the fact that the mechanical properties of PMMA appliances and goods are not ideal, the goal of this research was to reinforce high impact acrylic dentures with rice husk-derived silica in various concentrations to improve some of the mechanical qualities of the denture base.<br /><strong>Materials and Method:</strong> Based on the pilot study made in College of Dentistry University of Baghdad, to create the specimens, silica particles from a rice husk source were added to high impact heat cure resin at 1 wt.% and 3 wt.% (by weight). On the basis of the three tests conducted the transverse strength, impact strength and hardness tests, the prepared samples were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size analysis, and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results revealed that the addition of silica particles yielded a significantly improvement in transverse strength test (P-value= 0.001), and non-significantly increase in both impact strength and hardness values compared with the control group.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Silica particles prepared from natural resource waste was successfully added into the high impact acrylic resin. It seemed that adding 1 wt.% and 3 wt.% silica particles. The most beneficial effects were obtained by improving the mechanical properties of high impact acrylic dentures.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_162063_53f1a868f00a34c7e84ac8f19ebb9e2e.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720221210Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of New Metal Ion Complexes with Schiff Base (Z)-3((E)-2-Hydroxybenzylidene) Hydrazineylidene) Indolin-2-One1660167416254210.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.16ENNuha Ayad Abd AL-QadirDepartment of Chemistry, Collage of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-0830-6608Naser Dheyaa ShaalanDepartment of Chemistry, Collage of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20221010The study involved preparing a new compound by combining between 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and (<em>Z</em>)-3-hydrazineylideneindolin-2-one resulting in Schiff bases and metal ions: Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) forming stable minerals-based-Schiff complexes. The formation of resulting Schiff bases is detected spectrally using LC-Mss which gave corresponding results with theoretical results, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR proves the founding of N=CH signal, FT-IR indicates the occurrence of imine band and UV-VIs mean is proved the ligand formation. On the other hand, minerals-based-Schiff was characterized using the same spectral means that relied with ligand (Schiff bases). Those means gave satisfactory results and proved the suggested distinguishable geometries. Finally, and according to the antibiotic feature of Schiff bases and its minerals, we have also examined such character against (-Bacteria and +Bacteria) giving an acceptable inhibition efficiencies.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_162542_1f37e95bcd6f66a038a9099cbe58f98f.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Detection of Some Biochemical Markers in Iraqi Osteoporosis Patients1675168316266210.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.17ENShaimaa Hussein AliCollege of Science, Department of Pathological Analysis Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraqhttps://orcid.org/00Hussein Jasim Obaid Al-HarbiCollege of Science, University of Babylon, Department of Biology, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqAli Mohammad Hussein AlqazzazCollege of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqJournal Article20220912Osteoporosis is not limited to women after menopause. It can also afflict men as well and is a hot issue. Men get osteoporotic fractures around ten years later in life than women, although men's life expectancy is growing at a quicker rate than that of women. Consequently, males are living longer than women, and when they do, the repercussions are more severe than those experienced by their female counterparts<strong>.</strong> The aim of our study was to determine the level of CX3CL1, Bone sialoprotein, Gelsolin, Cathepcin K, Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorous and Alkaline phosphatase in 100 patients (20 men and 80 women) and 50 as the control group (19 men and 31 women). The results showed that the serum level of CX3CL1, Gelsolin and Cathepcin K increased in female osteoporosis patients and no significant increase was observed in male osteoporosis patients compared with the control group. The results also showed a rise in serum levels of Bone sialoprotein and Alkaline phosphatase in male and female osteoporosis compared with the control group. Further, no significant difference in serum level (vitamin D, Calcium and Phsphorouse) in osteoporosis patientt, both male and female, compared with the control group. In conclusion, the Cathepcin K, Gelsolin and Bone sialoprotein play an essential role in bone metabolism and increase the level in osteoporosis patients.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_162662_6e0fbe6780746a2296b23d1a4a9d3691.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Evaluation of the Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil on Candida Albicans Adhesion on Heat Cured Acrylic Based Soft Lining Material1685169516300010.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.18ENHuda Jaafar NaserDepartment of Prosthodontic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq0000-0001-8719-9013Faiza M. Abdul-AmeerDepartment of Prosthodontic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. Bab-Almoadham, P.O. Box 1417, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0001-8841-585Journal Article20221006<strong>Background:</strong> Microorganism buildup is one of the most critical issues encountered with soft denture liner materials. The buildup of the fungus <em>Candida albicans </em>results in a disease known as denture-induced stomatitis<em>.</em> Therefore, creating a soft liner material with a medication delivery mechanism is required. This study aims to discover the best concentrations of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) that are effective for inhibiting <em>C. albicans </em>growth for addition to the heat-cured soft denture liner materials.<br /><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> For pilot study, three specimens were fabricated for each of the three concentrations (2.5, 5, and 7.5 vol%) of LGEO additives. For the main study, 40 specimens were prepared and divided into four groups (negative control, 2.5 vol.% LGEO additive, 5 vol.% LGEO additive, and positive control, which contained 1.4 wt.% nystatin additive) in accordance to the results of the pilot study. Each group consisted of 10 specimens.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> In the pilot study, 2.5 and 5 vol.% LGEO were identified as the best two concentrations with good antifungal activity in the selected heat-cured soft-liner material. Meanwhile, the <em>C. albicans</em> adherence test showed that the number of <em>C. albicans</em> cells adhering to the soft liner specimens incorporating 2.5 and 5 vol.% LEGO additive (experimental groups) significantly decreased relative to that to specimens in the control negative and control positive groups (<em>P </em>< 0.05). The best concentration of LGEO additive that decreased the number of adherent <em>C. albicans</em> was 5 vol.%.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of this work show that LGEO is a potent antifungal substance that may be effectively incorporated into soft liners to create materials that are effective against <em>C. albicans</em> fungi.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_163000_59be713793c50ca853792daca5a0f7ce.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026720230701Effect of Phytosterols on Brain Development in Iodine Deficient Rat Model- A Comparative Study1696170516304510.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.19ENRashmi ChandraAssociate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, UP., India0000-0002-7077-9481Chaiti GangulyEx-professor, Department of Biotechnology, IILM-CET, Greater Noida, UP., India0000-0001-6752-363XJournal Article20221002Iodine deficiency leads to insufficient production of thyroid hormone which may cause many harmful consequences in humans. Owing to the cumulative impact of maternal, prenatal, and neonatal iodine deficiency, infants born with this condition can suffer mental retardation, developmental abnormalities, and disabilities. The present study is an effort to assess the functional role of β-sitosterol (phytosterol) and quercetin (flavonoid) in the brain development. An iodine-deficient rat model was developed by feeding 0.025% of methimazole (MMI). These hypothyroid-induced young adult female Wistar rats were followed by mating with healthy male rats. During the whole gestation, these pregnant hypothyroid-induced females received treatment with β-sitosterol (150 mg/kg/day) and quercetin (150 mg/kg/day), both separately and together. Their little born was observed based on hematological profile and behavioral study. RBC, hemoglobin, and total protein level in pups born to a hypothyroid-induced mother were found lower than in the control group. However, it has been observed that the combination of β-sitosterol and quercetin normalises the level of RBC, hemoglobin, and total protein. Motor coordination and memory functions in this iodin-deficient model were found below the normal range. It has been observed that in the iodine-deficient brain, β-sitosterol and quercetin had a significant effect on motor coordination and spatial memory. The brain development of pups born to a hypothyroid-induced mother revealed encouraging effects with the synergistic action of quercetin and β-sitosterol.https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_163045_50c7c59c10eb48abd30226667ef1620f.pdfSami Publishing Company (SPC)Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences2651-47026719991130Molecular Detection of bla TEM and bla CTX-M Genes in Clinical and Food-Borne Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates1706171316300310.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.7.20ENSaif Jabbar ALzubaidiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-7588-4488Marwa Hameed AlkhafajiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq0000-0002-2042-6231Journal Article19991130To isolate <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae,</em> two hundred clinical and food samples were cultivated on differential and selective culture media. 120 bacterial isolates were isolated from the food and clinical samples. On MacConkey agar, 81 isolates of lactose fermenters (67.5%) and 39 isolates of non-lactose fermenters (32.5%) were found. Out of 120 bacterial isolates discovered in clinical and food sources, 32 were <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolates, including 14 from food sources and 18 from clinical sources. <em>K. pneumoniae</em> was determined to be the species of bacteria isolated based on biochemical testing, morphological characteristics, and cultural identities. This conclusion was confirmed by the Vitek system. The findings of this investigation, which used phenotypic methods, revealed a high frequency of isolates of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> that produce Extended Spectrum B-Lactamase (ESBL) from patients in Iraq and a low frequency of isolates from food sources. After bacterial DNA was isolated, pure DNA samples with concentrations between 76 and 91 ng/ml were produced. Utilizing particular primers for the genes <em>bla TEM</em> and<em> bla CTX-M</em>, this work carried out the molecular detection of two ESBL-coding genes. According to the findings of this study, <em>bla TEM</em> was only found in clinical isolates at a detection rate of 27.77% and <em>bla CTX-M</em> at 38.88%. Isolates from food sources tested negative for <em>bla TEM</em> and <em>bla CTX-M.</em>https://www.jmchemsci.com/article_163003_c37e7e416cb21b7a4421814fc04ad898.pdf